I tried to grow plants outside of my base. At first they would not grow and the reason they could not grow was because they didn't have any oxygen. I was like why do plants need oxygen? They produce oxygen. Latter they died probably due to the higher temperature of the desert world. What I can't understand is why. The plants I was growing were weeds that grow naturally on the world that was trying to grow them. How is it that I can find them in the wild but can't simply place a pot and grow them that way?
Guide : https://steamcommunity.com/sharedfiles/filedetails/?id=2286763708 There is a lot more to it, but if no oxygen they won't grow. This is not a terraforming game, you need to go back to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SimEarth for what you want, oh the days!
Sim Earth was awesome. On topic, it's because the sprouts you create aren't suited for growing in the same environment as their wild versions.