As example the CV T2 shield generator. Is it a flat Hitpoints shield all over the surface? Does the size of the shipe, amount of blocks or anything affect the shield capacity of effiziency? Is there a difference between shooting always the same spot or spread the fire all over the surface? Is this shield just a 36.000 flat hitpoints protection all over the surface?
Pretty much. Any shot to the ship, while shield is active, goes to shield first. Only when the shield is at 0, will damage go through to the ship itself. As long as your shield is up, you're safe. Just keep and eye on how quickly it is dropping, and be ready to run when it gets low. I always flee when shield gets to 25% or so, but you should always decide for your ship what shield % is safe.